CONCATENATE
Text FormulasLearn to combine text in Excel using CONCATENATE, TEXTJOIN, and the & operator. Join cells with delimiters and handle empty cells.
Syntax
CONCATENATE(text1, [text2], ...) or TEXTJOIN(delimiter, ignore_empty, text1, [text2], ...)Parameters
text1, text2Text strings or cell references to join
delimiterCharacter(s) to insert between texts (TEXTJOIN)
ignore_emptyTRUE to skip empty cells (TEXTJOIN)
Examples
=CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1)Join A1 and B1 with a space
=A1&" "&B1Same result using & operator
=TEXTJOIN(", ", TRUE, A1:A10)Join range with comma, skip empties
Common Errors
#VALUE! - Non-text values may need TEXT function
Pro Tips
TEXTJOIN is more powerful than CONCATENATE
Use & operator for simple joins
CONCAT is the modern replacement for CONCATENATE
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